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Contents

Analog Communication

Amplitude Modulation

Amplitude Modulation Basics AM Frequency Spectrum AM Power Relations AM DSB-FC AM DSB-SC AM SSB VSB Modulation AM Modulators AM Demodulators Costas Loop

Frequency Modulation

FM Basics Bessel Functions in FM Carson's Rule PM Basics Narrowband FM Indirect FM Generation Direct FM Generation FM Demodulation Basics Foster-Seeley Discriminator Ratio Detector PLL Demodulator Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis Stereo FM

Noise Analysis

Noise Taxonomy Thermal Noise White Noise Signal to Noise Ratio Noise Figure Friis Formula Equivalent Noise Temperature Noise in AM Systems Noise in FM Systems FM Threshold Extension

Receiver Architectures

Receiver Parameters TRF Receiver Superheterodyne Receiver Image Frequency Rejection Double Conversion Direct Conversion Receiver Automatic Gain Control Tracking and Alignment

Pulse Modulation

Sampling Theorem Natural vs Flat Top Sampling PAM PWM PPM PCM Basics Quantization Noise Companding Delta Modulation Adaptive Delta Modulation DPCM

Analog vs Digital

Analog vs Digital Comm Hybrid Systems Applications Transition to Digital

Other Topics

Communication Channels Link Budget FDM TDM Television Basics

Other Subjects

Analog Electronics Digital Electronics Signals & Systems Control Systems Electromagnetic Theory Digital Communication Network Analysis Microprocessors VLSI Design Verilog HDL Power Electronics Embedded Systems DSP Electronic Devices

Section Progress38%

3 of 8 articles

Superheterodyne Receiver

Mixer, IF amplifier, image frequency.

Updated: 19 March 2026

9 min read

Superheterodyne Receiver Quiz

Test your knowledge of mixer operation, IF amplification, and image frequency in superheterodyne receivers.

Question 1 of 3

Q1.In a superheterodyne receiver with local oscillator frequency f_LO and RF input frequency f_RF, the intermediate frequency f_IF is:

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Receiver Parameters

Sensitivity, Selectivity, Fidelity.

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Direct Conversion Receiver

Zero-IF, homodyne, advantages and DC offset issues.

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Double Conversion

Two IF stages for selectivity and image rejection.

8 min read

Tracking and Alignment

Local oscillator padding, trimming.

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Automatic Gain Control

AGC principle, simple AGC circuit.

8 min read

Image Frequency Rejection