Short notes

SSB Modulation Short Notes

In a long-distance HF radio link running at 10 MHz, SSB-SC is preferred over AM because it cuts the transmitted bandwidth from 10 kHz down to 5 kHz and eliminates the carrier entirely, saving nearly two-thirds of the power. The Balanced Modulator IC — often built around an MC1496 — produces a DSB-SC signal first, and then a sharp sideband filter removes the unwanted sideband to leave only USB or LSB.

ECE, EI

How it works

The MC1496 multiplies the carrier and message signals together, producing sum and difference frequency components at fc+fm and fc−fm with the carrier suppressed below −50 dBc. A crystal filter centred at 455 kHz then passes only one sideband. The Phase method alternatively uses two 90° phase-shifted paths — Hilbert transform of the baseband signal — and cancels the unwanted sideband by subtraction. Bandwidth is strictly fm(max), so a 3 kHz voice signal occupies exactly 3 kHz of spectrum. Power efficiency is maximum because all transmitted power carries information.

Key points to remember

SSB requires exactly half the bandwidth of DSB and no carrier power is wasted, so the power saving compared to conventional AM can exceed 83% for a single tone. Suppressed carrier level should be at least 40 dB below peak sideband power. Two generation methods appear in every syllabus: the Filter Method using a 455 kHz IF crystal filter, and the Phase Cancellation Method. Demodulation needs carrier reinsertion — a BFO at the receiver adds back the missing carrier. Figure of merit for SSB is 1, the best among all analog modulation schemes.

Exam tip

The examiner always asks you to compare SSB power efficiency with AM and DSB-SC — memorise that SSB saves 83% power for a single-tone message and be ready to derive it from the AM power equation.

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