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Contents

Analog Communication
Amplitude Modulation
Amplitude Modulation BasicsAM Frequency SpectrumAM Power RelationsAM DSB-FCAM DSB-SCAM SSBVSB ModulationAM ModulatorsAM DemodulatorsCostas Loop
Frequency Modulation
FM BasicsBessel Functions in FMCarson's RulePM BasicsNarrowband FMIndirect FM GenerationDirect FM GenerationFM Demodulation BasicsFoster-Seeley DiscriminatorRatio DetectorPLL DemodulatorPre-emphasis and De-emphasisStereo FM
Noise Analysis
Noise TaxonomyThermal NoiseWhite NoiseSignal to Noise RatioNoise FigureFriis FormulaEquivalent Noise TemperatureNoise in AM SystemsNoise in FM SystemsFM Threshold Extension
Receiver Architectures
Receiver ParametersTRF ReceiverSuperheterodyne ReceiverImage Frequency RejectionDouble ConversionDirect Conversion ReceiverAutomatic Gain ControlTracking and Alignment
Pulse Modulation
Sampling TheoremNatural vs Flat Top SamplingPAMPWMPPMPCM BasicsQuantization NoiseCompandingDelta ModulationAdaptive Delta ModulationDPCM
Analog vs Digital
Analog vs Digital CommHybrid SystemsApplicationsTransition to Digital
Other Topics
Communication ChannelsLink BudgetFDMTDMTelevision Basics
Other Subjects
Analog ElectronicsDigital ElectronicsSignals & SystemsControl SystemsElectromagnetic TheoryDigital CommunicationNetwork AnalysisMicroprocessorsVLSI DesignVerilog HDLPower ElectronicsEmbedded SystemsDSPElectronic Devices
Section Progress73%

8 of 11 articles

Companding

A-law, Mu-law compression.

Mohith N
Updated: 19 March 2026
10 min read

Companding Laws Quiz

Test your understanding of A-law and mu-law companding used in PCM telephony systems.

Question 1 of 3

Q1.The mu-law companding standard (mu = 255) is used in which region, while A-law (A = 87.56) is used in which region?

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