Embedded Systems
Embedded Systems Overview
Definition, constraints, design metrics.
Accelerometers
MEMS sensor basics, I2C interface.
Interfacing LCD
16x2 Character LCD 4-bit mode.
Interfacing Keypad
Matrix keypad scanning.
IoT Architectures
Edge, Fog, Cloud computing.
IoT Wireless Protocols
WiFi, Bluetooth, Zigbee comparison.
BLE
Bluetooth Low Energy GATT/GAP.
MQTT Protocol
Publish-Subscribe model for IoT.
CoAP
Constrained Application Protocol.
RTOS Concepts
Real-Time Operating System vs GPOS.
Task Management
TCB, states (Ready, Running, Blocked).
Task Scheduling
Preemptive vs Cooperative scheduling, Round Robin.
Inter-Task Communication
Queues, Semaphores, Mutexes.
Priority Inversion
Problem and inheritance protocol solution.
Deadlocks
Conditions and prevention.
Low Power Design
Sleep modes, clock gating.
Bootloader
Startup code, firmware update process.
PCB Design Basics
Schematic to layout, layers, EMI rules.
Temperature Seniors
LM35, Thermistors, interfacing.
DAC Interfacing
R-2R ladder, PWM filtering.
ADC Interfacing
Sampling rate, resolution, reference voltage.
ADC Types
SAR, Flash, Sigma-Delta architectures.
USB Basics
Enumeration, endpoints, pipes.
CAN Bus
Controller Area Network, arbitration ID.
I2C
Two-wire interface, addressing, acknowledgement.
SPI
Synchronous serial, master-slave, clock polarity/phase.
UART
Asynchronous serial protocol, baud rate, framing.
Real Time Clock
RTC features and backup domain.
Watchdog Timer
Independent vs Windowed watchdog.
PWM Generation
Pulse Width Modulation for motor control, LED dimming.
Output Compare
Generating precise delays and signals.
Input Capture
Measuring pulse width and frequency.
SysTick Timer
System timer for OS heartbeats.
Timer Basics
Up/Down counting, pre-scaler, auto-reload.
External Interrupts
EXTI line configuration.
Interrupt Priority
Preemption priority vs sub-priority.
Microprocessor vs Microcontroller
Architecture differences (Von Neumann vs Harvard).
Design Life Cycle
Waterfall model, V-model.
Hardware Software Co-design
Partitioning tasks.
ARM Cortex-M Architecture
M3/M4 pipeline, bus matrix.
Programmers Model
Registers R0-R15, xPSR.
Stack Memory
MSP vs PSP stacks, operation.
Memory Map
Code, SRAM, Peripheral bit-band regions.
Instruction Set
Thumb-2 instruction set highlights.
Exception Handling
Entry/Exit sequences, tail-chaining.
GPIO Programming
Pin configuration, input/output modes, pull-up/down.
Interrupts and NVIC
Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller concepts.