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Contents

Analog Electronics
Semiconductor Physics
Energy Band TheoryIntrinsic SemiconductorsExtrinsic Semiconductors N-TypeExtrinsic Semiconductors P-TypeCarrier ConcentrationDrift CurrentDiffusion CurrentEinstein RelationHall EffectContinuity Equation
Diodes & Applications
PN Junction FormationPN Junction Forward BiasPN Junction Reverse BiasDiode IV CharacteristicsShockley Diode EquationDiode Equivalent CircuitsDiode AC ResistanceZener DiodeZener Voltage RegulatorHalf Wave RectifierFull Wave Center Tap RectifierBridge RectifierCapacitor FilterPi FilterSeries ClipperShunt ClipperPositive ClamperNegative ClamperVoltage MultiplierLEDPhotodiodeVaractor DiodeTunnel DiodeSchottky Diode
BJT Amplifiers
BJT Structure and ConstructionBJT NPN OperationBJT PNP OperationBJT Current RelationshipsBJT Operating RegionsBJT Input Output CharacteristicsFixed Bias CircuitCollector Feedback BiasVoltage Divider BiasEmitter BiasBJT Bias StabilityCommon Emitter AmplifierCommon Base AmplifierCommon Collector AmplifierBJT Small Signal ModelH Parameter AnalysisBJT Frequency ResponseMultistage AmplifiersDarlington PairCascode AmplifierDifferential AmplifierPower Amplifiers Class APower Amplifiers Class BPower Amplifiers Class AB
FET Amplifiers
JFET ConstructionJFET CharacteristicsJFET Self BiasEnhancement MOSFETDepletion MOSFETMOSFET IV CharacteristicsMOSFET Biasing TechniquesCommon Source AmplifierCommon Gate AmplifierCommon Drain AmplifierMOSFET as SwitchCMOS Inverter Basics
Operational Amplifiers
Ideal Op-AmpOp-Amp Practical ParametersInverting AmplifierNon-Inverting AmplifierVoltage FollowerSumming AmplifierDifference AmplifierInstrumentation AmplifierOp-Amp IntegratorOp-Amp DifferentiatorComparatorSchmitt TriggerLog and Antilog AmplifierPrecision RectifierVoltage to Current ConverterCurrent to Voltage ConverterSample and Hold CircuitActive Rectifier
Oscillators & Timers
Barkhausen CriterionRC Phase Shift OscillatorWien Bridge OscillatorColpitts OscillatorHartley OscillatorClapp OscillatorCrystal Oscillator555 Timer Astable Mode555 Timer Monostable ModeWaveform GeneratorsVoltage Controlled OscillatorPhase Locked Loop
Filters
Passive RC Low Pass FilterPassive RC High Pass FilterActive Low Pass FilterActive High Pass FilterActive Band Pass FilterActive Band Stop FilterButterworth Filter DesignChebyshev Filter DesignBessel FilterFilter Frequency Response
Power Electronics Basics
Linear Voltage Regulator78xx 79xx SeriesAdjustable Voltage Regulator LM317Switching Regulator Basics
Other Topics
Other Subjects
Digital ElectronicsSignals & SystemsControl SystemsElectromagnetic TheoryDigital CommunicationAnalog CommunicationNetwork AnalysisMicroprocessorsVLSI DesignVerilog HDLPower ElectronicsEmbedded SystemsDSPElectronic Devices
Section Progress100%

4 of 4 articles

Switching Regulator Basics

Buck boost topology overview, efficiency comparison with linear.

Darshan N
Updated: 19 March 2026
7 min read

Switching Regulator Basics

Test your grasp of buck, boost, and switching regulator efficiency fundamentals.

Question 1 of 3

Q1.A buck (step-down) converter operates with duty cycle D = 0.4 and input voltage Vin = 20 V. Assuming ideal components, the output voltage Vout is:

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Adjustable Voltage Regulator LM317