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Contents

MOS Fundamentals

MOS Capacitor Structure Threshold Voltage NMOS/PMOS I-V Channel Length Modulation Subthreshold Conduction MOS Capacitances Velocity Saturation Hot Carrier Effect

CMOS Logic

CMOS Inverter CMOS NAND/NOR Complex Gates Pass Transistor Logic Transmission Gates Tri-State Buffers Elmore Delay Logical Effort

CMOS Circuits

CMOS Adders Carry Skip/Select CMOS Multipliers Booth Multiplier Transmission Gate Logic Barrel Shifter Domino Logic Circuits Level Shifters IO Pads

Sequential VLSI

Bistability Principle SR Latch D Latch D Flip-Flop JK Flip-Flop CMOS Setup and Hold Time Clock Skew and Jitter Synchronizers

Memory Design

SRAM 6T Cell SRAM Array Org DRAM 1T Cell DRAM Refresh Sense Amplifiers ROM/PROM Design Flash Memory Cell

Design Flow

VLSI Design Flow Design Entry Lambda Rules Layout Basics DRC LVS Parasitic Extraction

Low Power Design

Power Components Dynamic Power Reduction Leakage Power Reduction Power Gating DVFS

Other Topics

FinFET Technology SOI Technology Design for Testability Fault Models FPGA Architecture Elements

Other Subjects

Analog Electronics Digital Electronics Signals & Systems Control Systems Electromagnetic Theory Digital Communication Analog Communication Network Analysis Microprocessors Verilog HDL Power Electronics Embedded Systems DSP Electronic Devices

Section Progress75%

6 of 8 articles

Setup and Hold Time

Timing constraints, calculating T_clk.

Updated: 19 March 2026

9 min read

Setup Hold Time Quiz

Test your mastery of setup time, hold time, timing violations, and metastability.

Question 1 of 3

Q1.A D flip-flop has a setup time of 2 ns and a hold time of 1 ns. The clock-to-Q delay of the launching flip-flop is 3 ns and the combinational logic delay is 7 ns. What is the maximum clock frequency if the clock skew is 0?

Related Articles

Setup and Hold Time

Timing constraints, timing violations, metastability.

7 min read

SR Latch

NOR and NAND based latches.

7 min read

D Latch

Level sensitive latch, transmission gate implementation.

6 min read

Bistability Principle

Inverter loop, metastability.

4 min read

Synchronizers

Handling asynchronous inputs.

10 min read

JK Flip-Flop CMOS

Clock Skew and Jitter